1) return preg_replace( '/[^a-z0-9]/', '-', strtolower(trim(strip_tags( Transliterator::create('NFD; [:Nonspacing Mark:] Remove; NFC')->transliterate($string) ))) ); 2) return trim(preg_replace('/-{2,}/', '-', preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9]/', '-', strtolower(strip_tags($title)))), '-');